Mulching

Mulch is any material spread over the soil surface — straw, shredded leaves, wood chips, or compost. Organic mulches slowly break down and feed the soil while protecting it from sun, rain, and wind.

Mulch dramatically cuts evaporation, so beds need less watering and stay evenly moist. It blocks light from weed seeds, moderates soil temperature (cooler in heat, warmer on cold nights), and prevents soil-splash diseases. Organic mulches improve soil structure and fertility over time.

Weed the bed first — mulch suppresses new weeds but won't kill established ones. Water deeply if the soil is dry. Spread a 2–3 inch layer of organic mulch around plants. Keep a couple inches clear around each stem so it doesn't rot. Top up through the season as it breaks down.

Straw and shredded leaves are excellent in vegetable beds; wood chips suit paths and perennials. Don't pile mulch more than 3 inches deep — too much smothers roots and blocks water and air.